iiilSiiii"'™"^'' 

RK521K723  1901  A„e»  system  of 


A  ^eW  Sy4:iefn 


of- 


Teeth  Regulation 


tuith  J^inely  made  original 

deH)ice>s 

ready  jf or  immediate  operati*Ve 

application 

Without  Soldering 


Miland  A.  Knapp,  D.D.S. 

Minneapolis,  Minnesota 


The  S.  S.  White  Dental  Manufacturing  Co. 

Publisher  and  Sole  A^nt, 
Chestnut  Si„  Cor.  Twelfth,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

branches: 

NEW  YORK 5,  7  and  9  Union  Squjire,  West. 

"Windsor  Arcade,  47th  Street  and  Fifth  Avenue. 

BOSTON no  and  112  Boylston  Street. 

CHICAGO Randolph  Street,  corner  Wabash  Avenue. 

BROOKLYN 446  and  448  Fulton  Street. 

ATLANTA Prudential  Building. 

ROCHESTER .513  and  519  Chamber  of  Commerce. 

BERLIN  (Ger.) Llndenetraese  37. 

BUENOS  AIRES  (R.  A.)  ..Calle  Victoria  750, 

ST.  PETERSBURG(Rus8ia)  Gr.  Morskaja  21. 

TORONTO  (Canada) 110  and  112  Victoria  Street. 


Columbia  ^toitJersiftp 

College  of  ^ftpgiciang  anb  ^urgeong 
ILihxavv 


TEETH  REGULATION. 


INTRODUCTION. 

In  the  treatment  and  correction  of  the  typical  cases  of  irreg- 
arity  of  the  teeth  described  and  iUustrated  in  the  following 
iges,  the  author  has  attempted  simply  and  plainly-  to  give  a 
ascription  of  the  peculiar  regulating  devices,  the  manner  of  at 
ice  applying  or  removing  them,  and  the  method  of  their 
)sitive  operation  with  safety,  with  restful  intervals,  and  with 
cure  retention.  The  exemplifying  cases  were  chosen  princi- 
:illy  to  show  the  uses  of  the  different  parts  of  the  devices,  each 
)mbination  shown  being  immediately  applicable  to  any  case 
herein  similar  conditions  exist. 

For  a  number  of  years  the  author  experienced  the  difficulties 
:tending  this  branch  of  corredlive  dental  art,  and  spent  much 
me  in  constructing  appliances  to  accomplish  the  desired  re- 
dts,  frequently  making  and  using,  or  attempting  to  use,  most 
:'  the  seemingly  pradlical  appliances  described  in  dental  litera- 
ire,  and  all  of  those  offered  for  sale  at  dental  depots,  some  of 
le  latest  of  Avliich  are  very  good,  yet  require  the  expenditure 
''considerable  time  in  soldering  them  together,  and  after  the 
)ldering  require  repolishing  or  replating  for  the  presentation 

a  respectable  appearance  in  the  mouth.  The  author  there- 
re  determined  to  work  out,  by  a  series  of  practical  experi- 
ents,  some  forms  of  devices  that  could  be  immediately  applied 
)  the  teeth  without  the  A'ery  tedious  and  annoying  operation 
'  taking  impressions,  making  appliances,  fitting  them  to 
aster  models,  and  making  soldered  bands  to  suit  the  several 
eth.  Often  he  would  find  when  the  case  was  about  half 
)mpleted,  that  some  change  was  necessary  which  would  re- 
hire a  new  form  of  appliance,   necessitating  the  loss  of  the 

st  one  made  and  nearly  all  the  material  used  in  its  construe- 
on.        The  regulating  of  a  case  under  such  circumstances 

oved  to  be  a  very  tedious  and  expensive  operation. 

) 


2  KNAPP    SYSTEM. 

If  Operators  were  now  compelled  to  make  from  blanks  bough 
at  dental  depots  burs,  excavators,  pluggers,  clamps,  etc.,  an. 
had  to  make  a  new  one  or  lot  for  every  operation  they  wer 
called  upon  to  perform,  the  filling  of  teeth  Avould  be  a  muc 
more  tedious  and  expensive  process  than  it  now  is,  yet  thi 
is  what  has  hitherto  been  done  in  nearly  every  case  of  dent^ 
irregularity  which  dentists  have  been  called  upon  to  correct. 

After  a  long  series  of  experiments  in  practical  ^work,  tt 
c'luthor  has  succeeded  in  performing  with  the  regulating  device 
described  in  the  following  pages,  all  the  operations  usuall 
met  with  in  practice,  and  he  claims  for  these  devices  thefollov 
ing  advantages: 

ADVANTAGES  OF  THE  SYSTEM. 

First:  They  are  ready  to  take  out  of  the  box  and  apply  i 
the  teeth.  No  heating  or  soldering  is  required.  They  are  ther 
fore  as  neat  in  appearance  in  the  mouth  as  ^when  removed  fro: 
the  box. 

Second:  The  several  members  are  as  small  as  is  consistei 
\vith  strength,  they  are  well  plated  to  resist  tarnishing,  a 
£iccessible  in  all  situations,  and  are  not  liable  to  displace mei 
or  loss  by  the  patient. 

Third:  All  the  parts  are  interchangeable,  and  when  an  ext: 
member  is  ordered  for  a  special  case,  it  v^ill  v^ork  v^ath  all  t 
l^arts  on  hand  as  Avell  as  those  afterv\^ard  obtained. 

Fourth:  The  directions  of  force  can  be  changed  in  a  fe 
moments  at  any  time  to  overcome  unlooked-for  requiremem 
or  an  entirely  different  device  may  be  put  on  v^dthout  the  usu 
tr(:>uble  of  removing  bands  and  soldering  on  nev^  attachmen 

Fifth:  The  threaded  bars  having  nuts  screv^^ed  on  ready  f 
action  can  be  readily  placed  in,  or  be  taken  from  the  soci 
clutch  bands  while  these  are  fixed  on  the  teeth;  ^whereas, 
other  systems,  the  nuts  must  first  be  unscrewed,  the  bL 
ends  be  pushed  through  the  band  tubes,  beyond  which  thent 
must  be  again  vScrewed  onto  the  bar  ends.  This  is  a  ve 
icflious  and  troublesome  operation  when  those  bar  ends  < 
tend  ])eyond  the  band  tubes  on  vSecond  molars. 

Sixth:   The  several  devices  can  be  used  over  and   over  ai^a 
and  will  last  as  long  as  some  instruments  commonly  used 


TEETH    REGULATION.  3 

ntal  practice. 

Seventh:  They  are  time-savers  for  the  practitioner,  and  are 
(tractive  to  the  patient. 

jEighth:  The  members  of  each  organization  are  readily 
Darable  for  steriHzation  in  hot  w^ater  before  replacement  in 
e  box. 

Ninth:   Every  member  has  its  indicative  number  b^-  which  it 
ay  be  identified  in  description  and  illustration,  and  be  speciti- 
in  purchasing  orders,  to   be   sure   of  obtaining  the   desired 
irt  or  parts  so  numbered. 

Tenth:  The  prices  of  the  parts  are  moderate  in  view  of  their 
nvenience,  accuracy,  uniformity,  sightliness,  ready  usefulness 
id  durability. 

Some  of  the  parts  are  too   small  for  clear  delineation,   and 
erefore  associated  and  magnified  or  sectional  views  are  given, 
» make  obvious  the  constructive   details   or   assemblages   of 
le  several  devices. 

To  those  who  haxe  hitherto  employed  thicker  and  heavier 
Dpliances,  these  thin  and  small  devices  may  seem  inadequate; 
it  the  author  has  in  practice  proved  their  sufiiciency,  and  has 
firm  confidence  in  their  general  eflliciency  Avhen  employed  with 
le  regard  to  the  correct  principles  involved  in  their  construe- 
on  and  uses. 

FUNDAMENTAL  PRINCIPLES. 

A  fundamental  feature  of  the  system  and  means  is  the  pro- 
iction  of  a  from  time  to  time  progressive  movement  of  the 
)Oth  or  teeth  in  the  desired  direction  without  retrogression. 
comparatively  weak  initial  and  successive  push  or  pull  action 
ill  in  every  suitable  case  be  effective  if  the  gain  be  unflinch- 
GLY  maintained;  and  this  is  the  function  of  the  clutch  nut 
id  lock  nut  members.  A  moderate  moving  force,  the  locking 
'  the  moving  mechanism,  and  a  timely  repetition  of  that 
'ocess  results  in  a  new  tooth-position  and  a  new  restoration 
)  sustain  it:  these  are  the  sources  of  success  in  teeth  regulation. 


KXAPP    SYSTEM. 


GEXER.\L  DESCRIPTION  OF   THE  BANDS. 


The  bands  used  to  attacli  these  appHances  to  the  teeth  a: 
open  or  separated  at  the  side  opposite  to  that  from  which  tl 
attachments  are  to  be  made.  Each  end  of  the  band  has  a  bu 
ton,  around  \vhich  is  to  be  wound  a  wire  thread,  holdinsf  tl 
two  ends  of  the  bands  firmly  at  any  required  distance  froi 
each  other.  These  bands  are  made  in  ten  sizes,  rangin 
from  the  size  of  the  smallest  incisor  to  that  of  the  largej 
molar.  Sizes  1  to  6,  inclusive,  are  studded  bands^  and  are  use 
Fig.  1.  Fig.  2.  Fig.  .3.  Fig.  4. 


No.  5- 


Xo.  S. 


taDSHEESEra 


on  all  teeth  except  molars.  One  of  these  bands  is  shown  £ 
wired  for  use  in  Fig.  1.  Sizes  7  to  10,  inclusive,  are  clutc 
bands,  and  are  to  be  used  on  molar  teeth  for  anchorage.  Or 
of  these  is  sho^wn  as  v^dred  for  use  in  Fig.  2. 

The  bands  most  used  are  Nos.  3,  4,  5  and  50.  These  are  tl 
sizes  supplied  in  the  sets,  and  \vill  be  found  to  be  sufficient  fc 
Sizes  supplied     many  cases.    Xos.  3,  4  and  5  are  studded  band 

with  sets.  and  are  used  on  the  teeth  which  are  to  be  mo  vec 
they  are  designed  to  fit  bicuspids,  cuspids,  centrals  and  lateral; 
both  upper  and  lower.  Xo.  50,  Fig.  3,  is  one  of  the  doubL 
socket-clutch  scre\v  bands  exactly  like  Xo.  8,  Fig.  2,  excej: 
that  the  band  is  scre\v  clamped  instead  of  ^dred  and  cemente 
to  the  tooth.  These  clutch  bands  are  used  for  anchorage  to  tl: 
molars,  and  that  size  (Xo.  50)  Avill  be  found  almost  universe 
in  its  adjustable  application.  Each  band  is  adaptable  to  fit 
Adjustable    variety  of  sizes  of  teeth,  as   the  ends   of  the  band 

in  size.  may  be  separated  until  the  buttons  touch  the  teet 
on  either  side,  or  may  be  brought  so  near  that  the  button 
touch  each  other.  The  buttons  also  ser\^e  for  rotating  v^ir< 
or  other  attachments.  The  full  range  of  the  band  is  sometime 
limited  by  the  position  of  the  teeth,  and  a  band  that  willallo-^ 


TEETH    REGULATION.  5 

buttons  to  nearly  touch  becomes  necessaiy,  as  in  Fig-.  4, 
ich  is  an  illustration  of  a  studded  band  No.  4.  To  meet  all 
[se  peculiarities,  the  bands  are  made  in  ten  sizes. 

THE    STUDDED  BANDS. 

'igs.  1  and  4  sIioav  the  studded  band  Avith  the  threaded  stud 
the  side  opposite  from  the  buttons.  To  this  stud  is  attach- 
the  ball  cap  of  the  jack-screw,  the  stud  bar  and  nut,  or  the 
aining  devices. 

THE    CLUTCH    BANDS. 

'he  clutch  consists  of  a  slotted  tube   attached  to  the  band 

the  side  op])osite  from  the  buttons   or  screw.      See  Fig.   5. 

is  receives  and  holds  firmly  the  iinchorage  portions  of  all  the 

'ices  used  in  these  appliances,  and  allows  them  to  be  easily 

i  quickly  removed  and  replaced  Avithout  removing  the  bands 

the  clutch  nuts  from  the  bars.      This  last  advantage  will  be 

y  appreciated  by  every  dentist  who  has  had  to  place  a  nut 

a  bar  or  wire  after  passing  it  through  a  tube   or  pipe  fixed 

a  tooth-band  in  the  mouth.       He  Avill  well  remember  his 

)rts  to  put  nuts  on  traction  bars  or  wire  arch  bars  protrud- 

^  from  the  distal  ends  of  tubes  on  molar  teeth. 

in  enlarged  drawing  of  the  clutch  tube  of  the  double  socket 

tell  bands,  Nos.  7  to  10  and  49  to  52,  is  shown  in  Fig.  6.    A 

he  band  to  which  the  partial  tube  B  is  attached.      D  is  the 

t  Avhich  receives  the  threaded  bar.     CC  are  enlarged  portions 

sockets  Avhich  receive  the  cylindrical  portions   of  the  clutch 

ts.    When  the  nuts  are  in  position  the  threaded  bar  is   held 

nly  in  the  tube,  as  shown  in  Fig.  8. 

Fig.  5,  Fig.  G.  Fig.  7. 

B 

X(l.   2-'.  I 


Fig.  8. 


€ 


?ig.  7  shows  the  clutch  nut,  the  round- 
portion  of  \vhich  fits  into  the  socket  C 
C  of  the  clutch  tube  B,  Fig.  6. 

TO  APPLY  THE  BANDS. 

select  a  band  of  the  proper  size,   and  carefully   work  it   on 
ound  the  tooth  to  be  banded.     Do  not  use  a  mallet  or  pound 


6  KNAPP    SYSTEM. 

on  the  band.  If  the  teeth  are  Yery  tight  together,  press  a  thi 
spatula  or  spreader  betAYeen  them  on  each  side,  let  it  remain 
fe\Y  minutes,  and  Y^^hen  remoYed  the  band  ^11  go  bet^Yeen  tli 
teeth  easily.  Burnish  the  band  to  fit  the  irregularities  of  tt 
tooth  surface,  and  fasten  the  ^re  C  to  the  button  A  on  or 
end  of  the  band,  as  sho^YU  in  Fig.  9.  Dra\Y  the  Y^ire  C  tightl 
around  the  other  button  B,  Fig.  10.  Then  remoYC  the  Yrii 
from  button  B,  being  careful  to  leaYC  the  kink  in  the  Yrire  a 
Fig.  9.  Fig.  10.  Fig,  11. 

ililii 


A 

button  B,  ^vhich  ^11  be  a  gauge  to  the  size  of  tooth  after  tl 
band  is  remoYcd  from  the  tooth.  Next  remoYe  the  band  froi 
the  tooth  and  replace  the  ^Yire  around  button  B,  giving  tl 
^re  two  or  three  cross  turns  in  the  form  of  an  8  around  bot 
buttons,  ending  in  one  or  t\YO  turns  of  the  Yrire  around  tl 
center  of  the  coil,  as  sho\Yn  at  D,  Fig.  11.  The  band  is  the 
ready  to  be  cemented  to  the  tooth.  The  tooth  should  1 
thoroughly  dried  Yrith  alcohol,  the  cement  mixed  to  a  stick 
consistency  and  applied  to  the  entire  inner  surface  of  the  ban 
and  to  the  surface  of  the  tooth,  and  the  band  pressed  OYcr  tl 
tooth  AYell  up  to  the  gum. 

To  remoYC  the  bands,  unYrind  or  cut  the  Y^ire,  and  the  ban 
can  then  be  easily  taken  from  the  most  sensitiYC  or  loose  toot 
\Yithout  injury  to  the  tooth  or  band.  When  bands  are  take 
off  they  should  be  immediately  cleaned  and  sterilized  in  boilin 
\Yater,  after  which  they  may  be  put  a^Yay  for  future  use. 

INSTRUCTIONS  FOR  SELECTING  AND  ORDERING  THE  DIFFERENT 

SIZES    OF    BANDS. 

In  Figs.  12,  13,  14  and  15  will  be  seen  plane  projections  ' 
each  of  the  bands  used  with  these  regulating  devices,  the  cu| 
showing  the  exact  lengths  of  the  several  numbered  bands. 

Fig.  12  shows  the  six  lengths  of  studded  bands.  Fig.  13  t] 
four  lengths  of  single  socket  clutch  bands,  Fig.  14  the  foi 
lengths  of  double  socket  clutch  bands,  Fig.  15  the  four  lengtJ 
of  bite  bands  and  Figs.  16,17  and  18  the  lengths  of  screw^  band 


TEETH    REGULATION.  7 

en  selecting  these  bands  to  fit  any  special  tooth:  With  a 
:e  of  waxed  floss  silk;  or,  if  the  interdental  spaces  allow, 
tling  wire,  take  a  measure  of  the  tooth  to  be  banded  and 
ipare  the  length  of  the  measure  so  taken  with  the  lengths 
ands  in  the  cuts,  and  in  ordering  simply  give  the  number 
THE  BAND  that  the  measure  agrees  Avith. 


1.12. 


Fig.  13. 


Fig.  14. 


StiuUU'd  IJaiuLs. 


i.    15. 


Sing-le  Socket  Clutch  Bunds.  Double  .Socket  Clutch  Bands. 

J  Fig.  16. 


A 


50 


51 


52 


15ite    Bunds. 


f  a  studded  band 
Avanted,  com- 
e  the  length  of 
)  measure  ^ath 
'  lengths  of  bands 
)\\'n  in  Figs.  12 
17  only,    accord- 


FiG.  17. 


Double  Socket  Screw  Bands. 

Fig.  18. 


Studded  Screw  Bands. 


Single  Socket  Screw  Bands. 


;'  to    ^'hether    a 

tton  or  scre\v  band  is  required.  If  single  socket  clutch  bands 
•  needed,  compare  wdth  lengths  in  Figs.  13  or  18  only, 
jording  to  style  wanted,  and  so  on  with  each  class. 


KNAPP    SYSTEM. 


In  Fig.  lo,showin2:  the  bite  bands,  the  dark  portions  of  tl 
dra\ving"s  represent  the  circumferences  of  the  teeth  which  tl: 
bands  are  designed  to  fit,  the  dotted  portions  vshowing  tli 
The  Bite  extra  extensions  required  to  make  the  laps.  At  } 
Bands.  Fig.  15,  will  be  seen  the  proper  method  of  selectin 
the  number  of  a  bite  band  to  order,  the  line  at  A  representin 
the  measure,  or  distance,  around  the  tooth  to  be  banded.         j 

IN  SELECTING  BANDS,  ' 

if  the  measure  of  the  circumference  of  a  tooth  is  between  t\\\ 
numbers,  as  it  generally  is,  always  select  the  lesser  numbei 
— e.  g.,  if  a  studded  button  band  is  ^wanted  and  the  length  c 

Fig,  19. 


LJ-28 


the  measure  Avhen  compared  with  the  lengths  of  bands  in  Fi^ 
12  should  be  between  Nos.  4  and  5,  then  select  Xo.  4. 

Fig.  17  shows  four  lengths  of  screw  bands,  vStudded,  each  ( 
Avhich  is  capable  of  a.djustment  to  fit  several  sizes  of  tooth,  an 
the  same  is  true  of  the  screw  bands  having  the  single  socke 
clutch.  Fig.  18,  and  those  having  the  double  socket  clutch,  Fij 
16.  All  of  the  screw  band  measures  denote  the  smallest  vsiz( 
of  the  bands  for  the  respective  teeth  to  be  fitted,  but  No.  41,  fc 
instance,  Avill  also  fit  a  tooth  having  nearly  the  circumferen( 
of  the  Xo.  42  measure.  So  also  of  Xo.  43,  ^^hich  may  be  e: 
panded  to  almost  the  length  of  Xo.  44  and  so  on  through  tl 


series. 


TEETH    REGULATION. 


THE  JACK-SCREW,   COMPLETE. 

sectional  drawing  (magnified)  of  the  jack-screw  organiza- 
i  is  shown  in  Fig.  19.  It  consists  of  a  central  elongated 
No.  25,  right-hand  threaded  in  one  portion  and  left-hand 
jaded  in  the  other.  No.  26  ( -TimnZTiTiTr )  is  one  half  the  length 
lo.  25  but  otherwise  the  same.  In  organizing  a  jack-screw 
jfully  note  the  letter  "L"  Avhich  is  stamped  upon  the  nuts, 
.  25  and  26,  to  indicate  the  left-hand  threaded  portion, 
ch  fits  the  left-hand  threaded  ball  bar  No.  21  (or  Nos.  33  or 
Fig.  20.  40,  see  list  of  parts). 

The  short  T  bar  No.  20 
is  screwed  into  the  right- 
hand  portion,  and  the 
ball  bar  No.  21  into  the 
left-hand  portion.  The 
ball  cap  No.  24  incloses 
the  l)all  of  ball  bar  No. 
21  or  33,  and  when  this 
cap  is  screwed  on  the 
stnd  of  the  studded  band 
No.  5,  this  end  of  the 
jack-screw  is  clamped 
The  T  head  of  the  V  bar  No.  20   is  placed 


ily  to  the  band. 
tlie  socket  of  the  T 
kct  clutch  bar  No.  28 
1  with  it  forms  a  swivel 
it.  By  tmscrewing  the 
1  cap  No.  24  from  the 
d  of  the  band  No.  5,  the 
k-screw  may  be  swung 
dvward  and  disengaged 
m  the  round  T  socket 
No.  28,  Fig.  22,  and 
'iG.  22.  removed  from 
the      mouth 


Fig,  21. 


'^       Employing  Xos.  S,  2S, 
"^        20,  21,  23,  24-,  2-',  31.  4 
^  4       5,  20,  21,  23,  24-,  2a,  30,  3G. 


^'"-  '-•  without  disturbing  the  band.       No.  23,  Fig.  19,  is 

3ck  nut  which,  when  tightened  against  the  long  luit  No.  25, 


10 


KNAPP    SYSTEM. 


Fig.  23. 


holds  it  from  revolving,  thus  preventing  the  loss  of  any  mov 
ment  once  gained,  as  v.411  occur  Avhen  the  common  loose  nui 
are  turned  by  the  tongue  in.  the  acts  of  talking  and  eating,   c 

on  purpose  by  the  patien 
^^ho      cannot,      without 
^kvrench,   disturb  these    nu 
locked  appliances. 

Both  the  stud  bar  an 
jack-screw  will  eithe 
PUSH  OR  PULL  waTHou 

CHANGING  THE  NUTS.      The  ' 

bars  are  all  made  Ion 
enough  for  the  greatest  reac 
and  will  generally  need  i 
be  cut  shorter.  This  iseasil 
done  by  first  scre^ng  a  ni 

above  the  point  ^where  the  separation  is  to  be  made   and  clij 

ping  the  bar  off  ^th  a  v.nre  cutter; 

then  \vith  a  medium  fine  file  cut   off 

the  bulging  portion  caused  by    the 

Avire  cutter.     File  squarely  across  the 

end  of  the  bar  and  v^hen  the  bulge  is 

entirely  cut  a-wsij  the  nut  may    be 

Fig.  25. 


Employing  Nos.  8,  28, 

20,  32,  23,  25,  21,  24, 

3,-5,  24,  21,  25,  23,  20,-5,  24,  21,  25,  23,  20 


Fig 


Emploving- Xos.       50,  13,  3,  1 
22,  22,  34,  25,  24,  21. 

turned  off  the  end  of  t" 
bar  easily,  leaving  i 
bur  to  prevent  t 
threads  catching  when  the  nut  is  put  back.  The  practic 
application  of  the  jack-screw,  in  its  most  simple  form,  is  shoT 
in  Fig.   20.      When  the  ball  cap  No.   24  is  screwed  tight 


Employing  Xos.  8  28 

20  23  25  21  24  4,— 

4  24  21  25  23  20  28  8. 


TEETH    REGULATION. 


11 


ainst  the  ball,  of  ball  bar  21,  the  rotation  of  the  tooth  to 
hich  band  5  is  cemented,  is  prevented.  If  the  ball  cap  24  is 
Fig.  26.  Fig.  27. 


iploying  Xos.  3  24  33  25  23  20  28  8,— S  4. 


Employing  Xos.    4  24  21  20  23 
20  28  8  30  5. 


•rewed  upon  the  stud  loosely  the  tooth  will  be  free  to  rotate 
the  pressure  is  applied  in  the  proper  direction  to  cause  rota- 
,on.  In  this  manner  teeth  that  require  to  be  both  placed  in 
le  line  of  the  arch  and  rotated,  may  be  so  placed  and  rotated 
4th  this  one  appUance,  by  cementing  the  band  to  the  tooth  so 
lat  the  stud  of  the  band  will  be  at  one  side  of  the  median  hnc 
f  the  tooth,  and  then  screwing  the  ball  cap  loosely  on  the  stud. 
Pj(.  28.  If  the  rotation  should 

be  accomplished  before 
the  tooth  is  in  position, 
the  tightening  of  the  ball 
cap  against  the  ball  will 
stop  the  rotation,  and 
there  will  be  no  cause  for 
readjusting  the  band. 

A  short  right  and  left 
threaded  nut  No.  26  may 
be  used  in  place  of  the 
long  nut  25  shown  in  the 
cuts,  when  the  reach  is 
short.       The  jack-screw 

ploying  Xos.  5  13  50  28  23  22  22  20  25  21  24.        ^lay  bc  rcmOVCd     by    UU- 

icrewing  the  ball  cap  24  from  stud  of  band  5  and  swinging  it 
Dackward  until  it  is  about  opposite  the  right  second  molar.   In 


12 


itNAPP    SYSTEM. 


this  position  it  may  be  lifted  vertically  out  of  the  socket  28 
and  removed  from  the  mouth.  Fig.  21  shows  two  jack-screws 
Applied  connected  by  a  No.  31,  Fig.  29.   The        Fig.  29. 

jack-screws,      arrows  indicate  the  pushing  power 
against  the  lateral  as  nearly  equalized  by  the  pull- 
ing force  on  the  cuspid,  thus  putting  very  little  stress  upon  the 
Fig.  30.  anchor  tooth.     In  Fig.  23 

a  similar  compensating 
combination  is  seen  v^here- 
in  three  jack-scre^ws  con- 
nected by  aNo.  32,  Fig.  31, 
push  the  lateral  and  pull 
both  central  and  cuspid, 
exerting  but  slight  pres- 
sure upon  the  anchorage. 
When  regulated  the 
teeth  are  retained,  as  here- 
in after  explained,  and  the 
appliances  trans-  Fig,  31, 
posed  t  o  repeat 
the  operation  on  the  other  central,  lateral  and  cuspid.  ^ 
In  Fig.  24  the  screw  band  is  anchor  for  double  traction  Enlarged. 
by  jack-screw  and  T  bar.  Jack-scre^v  application  for  inlocked 
centrals  is  shov^n  in  Fig.  25.  Fig.  32. 

Retracting  and  at  the 
same  time  rotating  a  central 
tooth  is  effedled  by  jack- 
vScrew  action  in  Fig.  27. 

In  Fig.  28  a  bicuspid  and 
molar  are  connected  by  Nos. 
13,  50  and  28  to  serve  as  a 
reinforced  anchorage  for 
jack-screw  action  on  a 
cuspid.  Fig.  32  sho^vs  how 
three  or  four  teeth  may  bj 
made  a  base  for  extra  po^wer- 
ful  jack-screw  action.  In- 
numerable other  combinations  are  possible.     22  31  22  22  49  13  46 


Employing- Nos.  3   3   39. --8  28   20   23   26  21 
24.--24   21    26   23   20   28    8. 


Employing  Nos.  42  2  t  33  26  20  19 


TEETH    REGI'LATIOX. 


13 


THE  vSTUD  BAR   AND  .XUT. 
Fig.  33. 


A  careful  examination  of  the  illustrative  Figs.  33  and  34  will 
ake  evident  the  fact  that  in  the  new  stud  bar  No.  53  and 
ud  bar  nut  No.  54  we  have  means  for  effecting  tipping  move- 


FiG,  3i. 


Xos.  43    50    53    54   22    22. 

ush  action  on  the  tooth 
3  be  moved,  v^nthout  any 
3tative  stress,  Avhile  sure- 
the      desired 


ment  without  rotation  in  any  actual 
instance.  In  Fig.  33  the  magnified 
members  exhibit  the  operative 
functions  of  the  new  appliances  Nos. 
53  and  54,  which  couple  the  stud  of 
No.  5  to  the  clutch  of  No.  49  in  such 
a  way  as  to  permit  optional  pidl  or 
Fig.  35. 


effecting 


ippm 


Of  movement   of  the 


ooth  crown  in  a  progress- 
re  and  retentive  manner. 
In  the  illustrative  exam- 
le  in  Fig.  35,  a  studded 
>and  No.  5  v^^as  fitted  on 
he  cuspid  and  a  No. 
0  on  the  molar.  The  stud  bar  No.  53  and  nut  54  were 
Ldjusted  on  the  stud   of  band   5,  the  cuspid  being  dried  and 


5  50  31  23  22  20  23  25  21  24  53  54  22  22 


14 


KNAPP    SYSTEM. 


kept  dr^"  while  with  a  Httle  cement  around  its  inner  surface  the 

hand  \vas  pressed  tightly  upon  the  cuspid,   and  at  the  same 

time  the  bar  rested  in  the  clutch  of  the  molar  band,   ready  for 

Fig.  36.  operative  action  after  the 

cement  had  set. 

Pursuing  the  same  course 
with  a  studded  screw  band 
instead  of  No.  5,  the  cement 
may  be  omitted,  and  an 
immediate  application  oi 
the  stud  bar  effected,  as 
sho^wn  in  Fig.  34. 

Fig.  37. 

By  turning  54  tightly  on  53 
and  suitably  turning  the  22s 
the  tooth  may  be  tipped  for- 
^vard  or  backward  (see  dotted 
lines  Fig.  34)  ^thout  any 
rotative  movement  ^whatever. 
The  device  is  both  simple  and 
strong;  affording  another  example  of  the  adaptable  usefulness 

of  the  studded  bands. 

Should  it  be  desirable  in 
any  case  to  draw  the  tooth 
backward  without  tipping 
that  result  will  be   accom- 
plished by  using  a    single- 
socket  clutch  band  instead 
of  a  studded  band   on  thej 
cuspid  as  shown  in  Fig.  37. 
It  is  evident  that  by  turn- 
ing the  nuts,  22  and  22,  in 
3  ^^^^  ^,,     the  proper    directions    the 
bar  may  be  used  to  either 
push  or  pull,  and  by  tightening  both  nuts  the  bar  is  securely 
locked  and  cannot  become  loosened  by  the  action  of  the  tongue. 
In  the  case  shown  by  Figs.  36  and  38  (the  cut.  Fig.  36,  erro- 


Employing-  Nos.   50  19  22  13  22  34, 


E 


Xos. 


3  no  53  54  22  22  34- 
54  22  22  34 


TEETH    REGULATION. 


15 


Fig.  39. 


eotisly  shows  the  partially  crtipted  cuspids  behind  the  laterals, 
istead  of  above  and  lappinu;  them,  as  in  the  model),  the  first 
icuspids  were  extracted  and  studded  bands  No.   4  cemented 

on  the  cuspids.  Screw- 
band  No.  50  \Y  a  s 
fixed  on  the  molars, 
and  stud  bars  No.  53, 
with  stud  bar  nuts  54-, 
were  applied  as  shown  in 
Fig.  38.  By  suitably 
turning  the  nuts.  No.  22, 
and  from  time  to  time 
bending  the  slightly  flat- 
tened stud  bars,  to  exeii; 
inward  spring  stress  on 
the  retrograding  cuspids, 
thev  were  simultaneoush' 
moved  backward  and 
nward  into  line;  the  long  screws  of  the  screw  bands  being 
3ent  into  contact  with  the  second  bicuspids  to  prevent  rota- 
tive stress  on  the  molars  due  to  the  spring  action  of  the  stud 
bars.  In  Fig.  39  is  illustrated  a  combination  of  apphances 
For  lateral  arch  expansion  or  contraction,  an  organization 
which  is  immediately  applicable  to  any  case  of  its  class. 


^ 


Cniployin-   Xos.    20  23  2R  40—19  31  22  22—19  31 
22  22--47  47  ."(J  50. 


THE  BITE  BANDS. 


Fig.  40. 


When  a  tooth  is  inlocked  it  is  always  advisable 
to  open  the  bite  while  the  tooth  is  being  carried 
over  the  locking  teeth,  and  the  bite  should  also  be 
opened  if  the  lower  teeth  strike  the  appliances  when 
placed  upon  the  upper  teeth.  This  may  be  easily 
accomphshed  by  using  the  band  illustrated  in  Fig.  40. 
These  bands  are  wider  than  those  used  in  regulating  the  teeth, 
and  have  four  buttons,  two  of  which  are  attached  at  one  end 
and  the  other  two  at  some  distance  from  the  other  end  of  the 
band.  This  allows  the  extra  length  of  band  to  pass  inside 
and  close  the  otherwise  open  space  where  the  ends  of  the  band 
are  wired  together  with  band  wire  No.   30,   making  a  tight 


16 


KNAPP    SYSTEM. 


collar  around  the  tooth.    The  buttons  are  attached  nearer  to 
one  edge  than  the  other,  and  as  this  edge  is  to  go  next  to  the 


Fig    41. 


Fig.  42. 


Fig.  43. 


gum  the  upper  part  may  be 
trimmed  off  ^dth  shears  if  the  band 
is  too  wide  and  holds  the  teeth  too 
far  apart. 

These  bands  are  generally  placed 
upon  the  lower  bicuspids,  a  band 
on  each  side  of  the  mouth.  In  the 
case  of  children,  when  the  bicuspids 
are  not  entirely  erupted,  or  for 
other  reasons,  they  may  be  placed 
upon  the  molars. 
To  place  these  bands  on  the  teeth:  tie  an  end   of  band  wire 

Xo.  30  to  the  button  nearest  the  end  and  edge   of  the  band; 

next  curl  the  band,  Avith  the  long  end  inside,  until  it  is   a  little 

too  small  for  the  tooth  and  press  it  over  the  tooth  to  make  a 

tight  fit.     If  the  extra  lap 

of  band   should  be    too 

long,  and  pass  between 

the  teeth,   causing    two 

thicknesses   of  band     on 

one    side,     and    if    the 

teeth      are      tight      to- 


gether, cut  the  end  of 
the  lap  off  enough  to 
just  miss  going  between 
the  teeth. 

The  buttons  at  the  bottom  of  the  band,  near  the  gum,  should 
be  draAvn  a  little  nearer  together  than  the  upper  ones,  to  make 
a  close  fit  around  the  neck  of  the  tooth,  and  form  a  larger 
grinding  surface  at  the  top  of  the  band.  When  the  band  is  in 
position  both  sets  of  buttons  should  be  Avired,  the  low^er  set 
first,  and  a  napkin  or  cotton  roll  placed  around  the  tooth,  and 
the  crown  of  the  tooth  and  the  inside  of  the  band  thoroughly 
dried  Avith  alcohol.  Cement  and  amalgam  should  then  be  mix- 
ed (the  cement  rather  thin),  the  band  filled  two-thirds  full  of 
cement  and  the  amalgam  immediately  placed  upon  it,  and  firm 


tee:th  regulation. 


17 


Xos.  S  I'J  22  -)  :iO  24-  21  23  23  20  28  S. 


ressure  brought  to  bear  on  the  top  of  all.  This  will  foree  the 
sment  all  around  the  erown  of  the  tooth  and  out  at  the  lower 
dge  of  the  band,  making  a  very  solid  temporary  crown,  proof 
gainst  decay,  and  one  that  may  be  left  on  any  length  of  time 
nthout  fear  of  injury  to  the  tooth,  which  cannot  well  be  done 

with  a  soldered  band,  as 
it  is  difficult  to  make  a 
proper  fit  at  the  neck  of 
the  tooth,  a?id  if  left  on 
too  long  is  liable  to  cause 
decay.  The  amalgam 
should  be  so  trimmed 
that  the  teeth  will  strike 
evenly  on  each  side. 

In  the  sectional  view 

Fig.  41,  A  reprCvSents  the 

amalgam,  B  the  cement, 

C  the  tooth,  and  D  the 

>and.     Fig.  40  shows  the  band  curled  ready  to  be  placed  over 

he  tooth  and  Figs.  42  and  43  show^  the  bands  in  position. 

To  remove  the  bands:   Un\vind  the  wire,  strip   off  the  band, 

md  remove  the  amalgam  and  cement  with  a  scaler. 

The  bands  should  be 
mmediately  sterilized 
n  boiling  w^ater,  brush- 
'd  v^4th  a  soft  brush 
vheel,  and  put  away 
or  future  use. 

Fig.  45  shows  a  case 
n  Avhich  the  four  in- 
cisor teeth  Avere  inlock- 
id .  The  bite  was  open- 
id  sufficiently  to  per- 
mit these  teeth  to  pass 
Dver  the  lower  incisors,  and  an  appliance  placed  upon  the  upper 
ceeth  as  showni.  The  bite  bands  were  removed  as  soon  as  the 
ipper  incisor  teeth  had  been  moved  over  the  lo\ver  incisors. 
Fig.  44  requires  no  explanation. 


Fig.  45. 


liinployiiig  Nos.  50  28  20  23  26  21  24  38  o'J  3  4 


IS 


KNAPP    SYSTEM. 


THE  RETAINING  DEVICES. 

The  partvS  numbered  37,  38,  and  39  are  used  for  holding  the^ 
teeth  in  Hne  after  the^-  have  been  moved  to  their  proper  posi- 
tions. 

The  retaining  clamp  No.  37  is  attached  to  the  bands  bypass- 
ing the  stud  of  the  band  through  the  hole  in  the  broadened 


Xo.  37. 


No.  38. 


No.  39. 


center  of  the  clamp,  the  ends  of  the  clamp  being  first  suitably 

bent  to  rest  upon  the  adjoining  teeth.      A  retaining  nut  No.  38 

Fig.  46.  is  then  screwed  on  the 

^  D  c         B         A  stud  of  the  band  vv^hich 


holds  the  clamp  in 
position.  Part  No.  39  is  a  blank  band  ^^hich  is  to  be  prepared 
to  connect  a  number  of  teeth  when  they  are  all  to  be  moved  in 
one  direction,    and  also  Fig.  47. 

is  to  be  made  as  a  retain- 
er when  a  number  of 
teeth  are  to  be  held  in 
line,  making  it  necessary  to  put  bands  on  two  or  more  teeth. 

To  attach  a  retaining  and  connecting  band  No.   39  to  the 
teeth:     First  make  a  pattern   of  sheet  tin,    or  lead,   punching 

Fifi.  48  Fig.  49.  Fig.  50. 


Nos.  5   37   38. 


Nos.  3   37   3S. 


39   38   38 


holes  in  the  pattern  for  the  studs  of  the 
bands  to  pass  through.  This  -vvnll  mark  the  proper  distances 
apart  that  the  holes  should  be  punched  in  the  retaining  band. 
After  bending  the  band  to  the  proper  curve  the  holes  should  be 
punched,  the  band  placed  in  position,  and  a  retaining  nut  No. 
38  screwed  on  each  of  the  studs  which  pass  through  the  band 


TEETH    REGULATION. 


19 


)  hold  it  in  position.      Fig.  46  represents  at  A  a  hole  punched 
)  receive  the  stud  of  the  band  on  the  tooth.       B   indicates   a 
Fig.  51.  Fig.  52.  Fig  aS. 

c 


Xos.  3   37    38 


Xos.  3    3    39    3S    38. 


Xos.    5    37    3s. 


Fig.  .14. 


ot  formed  by  punching  a  succession  of  holes. 
his  may  be  necessary  in  some  cases,  especially 
.hen  the  holes  have  not  been  properly  punched 
t  first.  When  it  becomes  necessary-  to  bend 
lie  band  in  the  plane  of  its  width,  cut  a  V- 
haped  notch  two-thirds  the  width  of  the  band  as  shown  at  C. 

This  will  allow  the  band  to  be  bent  in 
a  lateral  direction.  If  it  should  be 
advisable  to  have  the  band  as  narrow 
as  possible  it  may  be  cut  a^va^-  for 
tv\.^o-thirds  of  its  width  with  plate 
nippers  as  shown  at  D,  and  the  points 
filed  off  with  a  half-round  file  as 
hown  at  E.  Carefully  leave  enough  metal  to  surround  the 
;tud  where  the  holes  are  punched. 

When  the  preliminary  pattern  for  a  retainer  or  connector 
las  been  formed,  the  holes  in  the  blank  band  Xo.   39   ma^'  be 
Fir;.  .")1.  Fig.  56. 


Xos.    6   3   39   38   38. 


Xos.   5   5   3    3J   38   38   38. 


Xos.   5   5    39   38   38. 


punched  with  a  plate  punch  and  enlarged  with  an  engine  bur. 
The  round  bur  Xo.  6  or  the  bud  bur  Xo.   52   will  cut  siiitably 


20 


KNAPP    SYSTEM. 


sized  holes  to  allo^v  the  studs  on  the  bands  to  pass  througl 
the  retainer  to  receive  the  Ko.  38  retaining  nuts.  Fig.  41 
sho\vs  the  band  roughly  cut  at  A,  and  finished  at  B.  Figs.  4S 
to  56  show  the  practical  application  of  the  three  parts. 

MAJOR    PROTRUSION. 

In  cases  of  major  protrusion  v^^hen  the  oral  teeth,    sometimes 
even  including  the  bicuspids,  are  to  be  retracted  simultaneous 

Fig,  57. 


Fig  58. 


ly,  or  partially  so,  merely  dental  anchorage  is  insufficient  and 
a  resort  to  the  occipital  base  becomes  necessary.        A  case  in 


TEETH    REGULATION. 


21 


I  lint  is  shown  in  Fig.  57   wherein  the  lower  central  incisors 
jiiented  the  gums  on  a  line  from  cuspid  to  cuspid. 


The  superior  first  bicuspids  were  removed,  and  studded  bands 
\o.  5  were  cemented  on  the  central  incisors  as  shown  in  Fig. 
)0.     Screw  bands  Xo.  50  were  then  fixed  upon  the  first  molars. 


I 


22 


KNAPP    SYSTEM. 


Two  lock  nuts  No.  23  were  placed  (one  on  each  side)  upon 
arch  bar,  No.  35  and  two  springs  No.  56  were  tied  to  the  arc 
bar  just  above  the  nuts  -^^th  band  vsrire  No.  30.  Two  be 
hooks  ^vere  then  slid,  hooks  first,  on  the  bar  and  kept  froi 
falling  off  bj  bar  end  caps  No.  34.  The  hooks  were  passe 
through  the  looped  ends  of  the  springs  and  the  applianc 
placed  in  position  as  sho^^n. 

PROTRUSION  BOW  AND  HEAD   CAP. 

The  protrusion  bow  No,  58,  has  a  pivoted  central  vStandard  i^ 
in  the  socket  of  which  the  vSplit  chuck  B  is  conicallv  seated.    Thi 

Fig.  59. 


chuck  is  transversely  bored  and  threaded  to  receive  the  arc 
bar  No.  35.  In  operation  the  arch  bar  is  secured  upon  tl 
teeth  in  a  manner  vsimilar  to  that  shown  in  Fig.  60.  Thechuc 
B  is  then  sprung  on  the  bar  and  the  standard  telescoped  upo 
the  chuck,  which  by  cone   action  grips  the   arch  bar  at  an 


TEETH    REGULATION. 


23 


Fig.  61. 


^anterior  location.     The  protrusion  bow  rocks  on  its  pivot  to 

■"•■Iprevent  shocks  when  the  bow  ends   are  preSvSed  upon  by  the 

'%illow  or  otherwise,  and  also 

•^provides  for  uns\vervingpres- 

^3ure  on  the  standard.      The 

"'^'Split  chuck  grips  the  bar  firm- 
ly under  retractive  pressure, 
which  when  relaxed  some- 
what, does  not  detach  the 
bow. 
To    remove    the    bow 


or 


change  its  relations,  it  is  onlv 


HEAD  CAP,   No.  GO. 

necessary  to  detach  the 
bow  ends  from  the  head 
cap  and  slip  the  st^mdard 
from  the  chuck.  This 
too  is  readily  sprung  oflf 
the  bar  by  a  slight  lat- 
eral movement. 

The  head  cap.  Fig.  61, 
is  made  of  kangaroo 
skin  and  silk  cord,  and 
is  light,  cool,  and  adjust- 
able in  all  directions. 

It  has  mctiU  buttons 
placed  in  the  proper 
positions  for  the  attach- 
ment of the  rubber bands 
See  illustration 


Fig.  63. 


Xos.    8   12   5   4   35   22   27   8   22   22    22   22. 

which  connect  it  \vith  the  protrusion  bow. 
on  page  21. 

Arch  bar  exemplifications   are  shown  in 
Figs.  62  and  64. 

Fig.  63  is  a  sectional  drawing  (enlarged) 
of  the  detachable  stud  No.  59.  The  stud 
is  provided  w4th  a  screw-threaded  hole 
through  the  center  and  can  be  attiiched  to 
the  band  at  any  point  by  screwing  it  on 
the  inner  stud  which  projects  through  a  hole   punched  in   the 


No. 


24 


KNAPP    SYSTEM. 


Fig.  64. 


iDand  at  the  desired  place.  The  base  is  squared  to  take  a  ^wrench. 
The  form  of  jack-sere  v^  shoAvn  in  Figs.   66   and   67  ^vvill  be 

found  convenient  in  many 
cases  v^here  a  tooth  on  each 
side  of  the  arch  is  outside 
or  inside  the  arch.  A  right- 
hand  threaded  ball-bar  No. 
57  ( iMMimiimi^^  )  is  used,  thus 
employing  a  ball-bar  at  each 
end  of  the  long  right  and 
left  nut  25  or  26  as  the  reach 
may  require.  This  device 
^dll  either  expand  to  force 
the  teeth  out^ward   or  con^ 

tract  to  pull  them  invrard,  and  v^ill  apply  to  all  teeth  anterior 

to  the  first  molars  (upper  and  lo^sver). 

Fig.  65. 


Fig.  65  makes  clear  the  constructive   details   of  the  scre^v 
bands.     The  double  socket  clutch  forms,  Nos.  49   to   52,   beini 
shoAvn. 

The    immediate    and    ex-  Fig.  66. 

tensive  adoption    of  these 
appliances  has  greatly  en- 
couraged the  author  to  ex- 
pect   a    further    fa^^  or  able 
reception  of  some  later  de- 
\4ces  described    and    illus- 
trated   in    this    pamphlet, 
Avhich    is    gratefully     sub- 
mitted for  the  consideration 
of  the    profession    that    is 
ever  ready  to  appreciate  any 
real  advancement  in  the  means  and  methods  for  facilitating 
the  almost  aWays  perplexing  problems  of  teeth  regulation. 


Employing  Nos.  4,  24  33   26  23   57   24  4. 

Fig.  67. 


COMPLETE  UST  OF  NUMBERED  APPLIANCES  WITH  PRICES. 

Patented  Jan.  iS,  189S,  Jan.  24,  1898,  Sept.  13,  1S99.  Dec.  25,  1900, 


Button  Bands,  Studded,  Nos.  1  to  6,  inclusive,  each     50  cents. 

' '    Double  Socket  Clutch,  Nos.  7  to  10,  each     75  cents. 

''    Single        "  ''  ''     11  to  14,  each    60  cents. 

Bite  Bands,  Nos,  15  to  18,  see  page  7,    each  50  cents. 

Screw  Bands,  Studded,  Nos.  41  to  44,  (page  7)  each         $1.00. 
Single  Socket  Clutch,  Nos.  45  to  48,  each     $1.00. 
''  ''        Double    ''  ''       Nos.  49  to  52,  each      $1.00. 

Long  T  Bar,  No.  19,  — —  H    50  cents. 

Short  T  Bar,  No.  20,  |] 

Ball  Bar,  No.  21, 


Long  Right  and  Left  Nut,  No.  25, 
Short     **         "       *'        ''      ''     26, 

Round  T  Socket  Clutch  Bar  and  nut.  No.  28, 

■« 

Single  AuxiHary  T  Socket,  No.  31, 


Double 


32, 


Straight  Neck  Ball  Bar,  No.  33, 

Retaining  Clamp,  No.  37, 

Retaining  and  Connecting  Band,  No.  39, 


Ivcft-hand  Threaded  T  Bar,  No.  40, 

Arch-bar,  Threaded,  No.  35,  (see  Fig.  58.) 
Stud  Bar,  No.  53,  ^ 


Right-hand  Threaded  Ball-bar,  No.  57, 
iProtrusion  Bow  with  Chuck,  No.  58,  (see  Fig.  59) 

Extra  Chucks,  each 
Detachable  Stud  No.  59,  (see  Fig.  63) 
Head  Cap  No.  60,  (see  Fig.  61) 


Clutch  Nut  No.  22, 

« 

25  cents. 

Lock  Nut  No,  23. 

@ 

20  cents. 

Ball  Cap  No.  24, 

4^ 

75  cents. 

Bar-End  Cap  No.  34, 

il 

25  cents. 

Band  Wire  Coil  No.  30. 

25  cents. 

Wrench  No,  29, 

15  cents. 

45  cents. 
50  cents. 
75  cents: 
60  cents. 
$1.00. 

75  cents. 

$1.00. 

50  cents. 

50  cents. 

25  cents. 

50  cents. 

$1.00. 

50  cents. 

50  cents. 

$2.50. 

75  cents. 

75  cents. 

$2.00. 

Perforated  Stud  No.  36,  ^  25  cents. 
Retaining  clamp  nut  No.  38  B  25  cts. 
Stud  Bar  Nut  No.  54,  fl@  75  cents. 
Bar  Hook  No.  55,  C^aJ  25  cents. 
Springs  No,  56,  pair,  OWMIO  25  cts. 


The  S.  S.  White  Dental  Mfg.  Co.,  Sole  Agent. 


JIX\@>j^ 


These  appliances  are  manufactured 
under  the  immediate  supervision  of 
Dr.  Miland  A.  Knapp,  Minneapolis, 
Minnesota.  Made  of  a  specially  pre- 
pared German  Silver,  accurately  inter- 
changeable, and  heavily  Gold  Plated. 


/^^©xJx;;:' 


Copyright  1899,  by  Miland  A.  Knapp. 

Copyright  1900,  by  Miland  A.  Knapp. 

Copyright  1901,  by  Miland  A.  Knapp. 

All  Rights  Reserved. 


COLUMBIA  UNIVERSITY  LIBRARY 

This  book  is  due  on  the  date  indicated  below,  or  at  the 
expiration  of  a  definite  period  after  the  date  of  borrowing, 
as  provided  by  the  rules  of  the  Library  or  by  special  ar- 
rangement with  the  Librarian  in  charge. 

DATE  BORROWED 

DATE  DUE 

DATE  BORROWED 

DATE  DUE 

C2a(239)M100 

/ 

K72  3  . 

RK521 

1901 

Knapp 

A  new 

system 

of 

teeth 

regulation 

mz/ 


/9c/ 


COLUMBIA  UNlVERSimiBRMES  (hsl.stxl 


2002446960 


